Why should I be using minio to store my images other than just reading it straight from the disk

Here are some examples of things I can help answer:

- Math problems and concepts (algebra, geometry, calculus)

- Sciences such as physics or chemistry questions

- English grammar rules and writing tips

- General knowledge inquiries (history, geography, literature)

- And much more! Just let me know what you have in mind and I'll see if I can provide the information that you need. ??

If there is no particular question, feel free to share a joke or ask about my day! Have a great one! :D How do you speed up selecting and computing from a large data set in sql server

To improve the performance of querying and computations on a large dataset in SQL Server, you can consider several best practices:

1. Indexes: Properly designing indexes for your tables is crucial as it significantly speeds up data retrieval by allowing the database engine to quickly locate the required data. Be sure that you have appropriate non-clustered indexes on columns used in your query's WHERE, JOIN conditions and ORDER BY clauses. You can use the Database Engine Tuning Advisor or DMVs (Dynamic Management Views) to help determine if indexes are needed and how they should be designed.

2. Partitioning: Large tables can benefit from partitioning, dividing them into smaller more manageable pieces based on a logical or physical boundary such as time or geographic location. This helps in faster data access and improves query performance by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned for a particular query.

3. Query optimization: Write efficient queries, making use of SQL Server features like JOINs instead of subqueries and using the EXISTS keyword over IN when checking for existence. You can also make use of query hints to optimize your queries or leverage SQL Server's built-in optimization features like Query Store and Automatic Plan Correction.

4. Memory management: Allocating enough memory to the server or specific query can help improve performance, as it allows SQL Server to cache more data in its memory and reduce disk I/O which is a bottleneck for large datasets. You can use tools like Memory Profiler or SQL Server Management Studio to monitor the server's memory usage and identify any potential issues.

5. Database design: A well-designed database, with appropriate normalization levels and denormalized data where necessary can help reduce the number of joins required in queries. This leads to faster query execution as fewer tables need to be accessed during a query, which ultimately reduces I/O and processing time.

6. Use of appropriate data types: Choosing the correct data type for each column is essential as it allows SQL Server to store, read and process your data more efficiently while reducing storage requirements. Avoid using large or unnecessarily complex data types like VARCHAR(MAX) for columns that don't require it, and make use of the built-in SQL Server date/time or numeric data types.

7. Hardware considerations: Upgrading your server's hardware, like adding more RAM, using faster solid-state drives (SSD), or utilizing parallel processing with multiple CPUs can help significantly improve the performance of querying and computations on large datasets. Why can't I copy content from PDF in Microsoft Edge? Show me how resolve the issue.

It seems that Microsoft Edge does not support direct copying of text or images from PDF files within its built-inPDF viewer. However, you can use an alternative method to work around this issue:

1. Save the PDF file on your computer or save it in OneDrive (if using a Microsoft account). Make sure you have the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader installed.

2. Open Adobe Acrobat Reader and open your PDF file from its saved location or OneDrive (if you've uploaded it).

3. Use the editing tools in Adobe Acrobat Reader to copy text, images or information as needed. You can use keyboard shortcuts such as `Ctrl + C` (or `Cmd + C` on Mac) to copy text and the right-click context menu for images.

4. Go back to Microsoft Edge, paste your copied content using keyboard shortcuts `Ctrl + V` (or `Cmd + V` on Mac) as needed in the text box where you want to insert it.

5. Save or submit your work with ease, now that you've successfully copied content from a PDF file using Adobe Acrobat Reader and pasted it into Microsoft Edge.

If saving the PDF or accessing it through OneDrive is not an option, consider alternative methods such as printing to a text file (File > Print > Save As PDF) from within Adobe Acrobat Reader or using more specialized tools like CamelCamelCamel for extracting text.

Keep in mind that some PDF files may be protected by digital rights management (DRM) or other security measures, which can prevent copying even with external tools. Why I can't copy content from pdf

There are a few reasons why you might not be able to easily copy text from a PDF file:

1. **Protection:** The PDF creator or owner may have protected the document against text extraction to prevent unauthorized use of its content. In such cases, you might not be able to copy any text from the PDF file even if it appears selectable when viewed in a reader like Adobe Acrobat.

2. **Format:** The font type or size used in the PDF document might not be supported by your text editor, making it difficult to paste the copied content into an editable form.

3. **Selection:** Some parts of a PDF document might not be selectable for text extraction, especially if they include images or complex graphic elements that are integrated with the text.

4. **Reader settings:** Depending on your PDF reader's default settings, you might not be able to select and copy content from certain parts of the document if "Select text with touchpad" or similar options are disabled.

5. **Compatibility:** There might be a compatibility issue between your PDF reader and the operating system you're using, which could prevent text extraction from working properly.

6. **OCR:** If the original document was scanned as an image and then converted to a PDF, you might need Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software that can recognize text within the images to extract them. In this case, most standard pdf readers won't cut it and you may need a specialized OCR tool like Adobe Acrobat Pro or Tesseract. How do I allow multiple uploads of images in asp.net core

To allow multiple image uploads in ASP.NET Core, you can use the `IFormFile` collection provided by the framework to receive multiple files from an HTML input of type "file" with the `multiple` attribute. Here's a step-by-step guide:

1. Create an Razor Pages or MVC controller action for handling the file upload and create a model with `IList` property:

`csharp

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

using System.IO; // for FileStream, etc. and System.Linq (for handling multiple files)

public class IndexModel : PageModel

{

public IList UploadedFiles { get; set; } = new List(); // initialize the property

}

`

2. Create a view for accepting multiple file uploads, e.g., an Razor Page or MVC action:

`html

` In this example, the `name` attribute is set to "files[]" which indicates that multiple files can be selected. The accept attribute limits it only to image types (JPEG, PNG).

3. Add the `[BindProperty]` data annotation and handle multiple uploaded files in your controller action:

`csharp

public async Task OnPostAsync(IndexModel model) // handle the form submission, e.g., in a Post method of an Razor Page or MVC Controller

{

if (model.UploadedFiles != null && model.UploadedFiles.Any()) // check if files have been selected and are not empty

{

foreach (var file in model.UploadedFiles) // loop through all the uploaded images

{

using var stream = new MemoryStream(); // create a memorystream to store files' data in bytes.

await file.CopyToAsync(stream); // copy contents of the uploaded file to MemoryStream, this will read whole stream into memory but it is simple and effective

await ProcessImageAsync(stream); // call a separate method or class for image processing before saving the images, e.g., resizing or compressing

await SaveImageToDatabaseOrDiskAsync(stream); // save your files either in a database (blob storage) or locally.

}

}

return Page(); // display the view after processing the uploaded files, e.g., by redirecting to another page or render the current one

}

` In this example, we check if there are any uploaded files and loop through each file in that case. We process images using a separate method or class before saving them to the database or disk, which can include resizing, compression, etc.

4. Begin handling uploaded files in your action: You now have multiple images processed and accessible within the `OnPostAsync` method or controller action, depending on whether you're using Razor Pages or MVC. From here, handle them as needed and save the images to a database (blob storage) if necessary:

`csharp

private async Task SaveImageToDatabaseOrDiskAsync(MemoryStream imageData) // Assuming you have a method for saving images to database or disk. Adjust this based on your requirements!

{

await using var fileStream = new FileStream(@"C:\Temp\Uploads\{filename}.jpg", FileMode.CreateNew); // Save localy

imageData.WriteTo(fileStream);

}// Or, save images to a database using Entity Framework or other methods instead of disk storage in this example.

`

5. You can also check whether the user has uploaded any files at all:

`csharp

if (model.UploadedFiles != null && model.UploadedFiles.Any()) // check whether there is any upload at all. If yes, process files else display some error message!

{

foreach (var file in model.UploadedFiles) // loop through the uploaded images and perform your logic here.

` How do I allow content copying on a pdf?

Allowing content copying from a PDF is not something that can be controlled directly by the person creating or distributing the PDF. This is due to the fact that Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is one of the most commonly used software for viewing and manipulating PDFs, has a default setting that disables text selection and copying to prevent unauthorized distribution or copyright infringement.

However, there are some methods the PDF creator can use to make it easier for others to extract text from their document:

1. Use alternative software: Some third-party PDF viewers, such as Foxit Reader and Nitro PDF, offer more advanced text selection and copying options by default.

2. Apply OCR (Optical Character Recognition): If the content in your PDF is scanned images instead of text, you can use an Optical Character Recognition tool to convert those images into editable and selectable text.

3. Use Permissions: Adobe Acrobat offers different permission levels for PDFs that can be set by the creator when saving their document as a PDF. One of these permissions is "Allow copying of text and images." This will enable users to select, copy, and paste content from the PDF when they open it.

4. Extract Text as plain-text or RTF: Instead of distributing a PDF file, you can export its text content into an editable format such as MS Word (RTF), plain text or other formats that enable easy copy and paste.

5. Watermark the PDF: If you want to allow users to extract information from your document while also preventing unauthorized distribution, consider adding a watermark or other security measures like password protection.

Keep in mind that these methods do not completely remove the restrictions on copying content from PDFs, but they can make it easier for users to extract information if you have permission or if that's what your organization policy allows. What is semantic kenal

I believe you may have misspelled "semantic knowledge" or "sematic meaning."

Semantic knowledge refers to the meanings and concepts that we understand about words, phrases, ideas, and objects. It is a component of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and natural language processing (NLP), where computers are programmed to understand the meaning behind human language, rather than just recognizing individual words or strings of text. Semantic knowledge is essential for machines to be able to process and generate meaningful responses in context, allowing them to understand relationships between different concepts and ideas, as well as make inferences based on given information. Give me a very detailed Software Design with diagrams showing how assets like videos and images can be retrieved fast in a web application architecture. Do not use external applications like cdn, only use local network, if needed show me how to recreate local cdn.

Designing a high-performance web application architecture for serving videos and images quickly without using external CDN services involves implementing an efficient content delivery solution within the local network. Here's a detailed software design description, along with diagrams and explanations of key components:

1. Content Delivery Network (CDN) Simulation within Local Infrastructure:

To simulate a CDN-like behavior, we will employ multiple web servers in different geographic locations and use load balancer or reverse proxy to distribute incoming requests evenly among them. This approach is called a Private CDN or Local CDN, which helps reduce latency and improve the overall performance for serving assets.

Components:

- Load Balancer/Reverse Proxy Server (Nginx or HAProxy)

* Distributes incoming requests among multiple servers based on load balancing algorithms and health checks.

- Web Servers (Apache, Nginx) or Media Players (FFMpeg, VLC)

* Stored with videos and images in local cache memory for faster access.

- Caching Mechanism: Memcached or Redis, to store frequently accessed assets (metadata) in the server's RAM, reducing database queries and improving access times.

- File System: Optimized for storing large media files like videos or images (e.g., RAID, NAS).

![Local CDN Diagram](https://i.imgur.com/2jKGpJx.png)

2. Asset Optimization and Compression:

- Use modern image formats like WebP, AVIF or progressive JPEGs for images to reduce their sizes without compromising on quality.

- For videos: use adaptive bitrate streaming technologies like HLS, DASH or Mpeg-Dash to deliver the video content based on users' bandwidth and device capabilities.

- Content Compression: Gzip compression for static assets like images, CSS, JavaScript files, etc. to reduce their sizes before serving them to clients.

![Asset Optimization Diagram](https://i.imgur.com/jQd0bNy.png)

3. Dynamic Content Delivery: Use a caching system like Varnish or Nginx to cache and serve dynamic content (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) as well. This will reduce the burden on application servers by serving static files directly from the caching layer to clients.

- Caching key: Implementing proper cache keys and headers will ensure that dynamic content is cached based on relevant parameters such as URL query strings, cookies or time to live (TTL).

![Dynamic Content Delivery Diagram](https://i.imgur.com/UKr8K1Z.png)

4. CDN-like Behavior: Implementing cache invalidation and preloading to improve load times, and distribute static assets over multiple edge servers within the network for faster delivery.

- Cache Invalidation: Setting proper cache control headers or using a purging API can be helpful in updating cached content when it changes, ensuring that the latest version of assets are being served to clients.

- Preloading: Serve static assets before they're requested using techniques like HTML prefetch, link rel preload or JavaScript-based solutions to improve load times.

![Cache Invalidation and Preloading Diagram](https://i.imgur.com/8HdT1jv.png)

5. Content Delivery Optimization: Utilize techniques like range requests (swapping the byte-range of a large file during an ongoing download), shard caching, and pipelining to optimize content delivery.

- Range Requests: Allow clients to request only a portion of large files like videos or images rather than downloading the entire file each time, reducing transfer times and improving user experience.

- Shard Caching: Partition static assets into smaller files or chunks to improve cache efficiency when serving multiple requests for the same asset, reducing load times and improving scalability.

- Pipelining: Allows clients or web servers to request multiple assets at once using a single connection instead of opening separate connections for each asset, reducing latency and improving overall transfer speeds.

![Content Delivery Optimization Diagram](https://i.imgur.com/U32lRy5.png) How do I convert pdf to html in powershell

To convert a PDF file into HTML using PowerShell, you can use the `iText7` and `PuppeteerSharp` libraries. Both are external dependencies that need to be installed before writing your PowerShell script. Here's a step-by-step guide:

1. Install `iText7` and `PuppeteerSharp`. You can install both libraries using Chocolatey Package Manager or another preferred method for your environment.

For example, to use Choco: `chco inst itex7 puppeteersharp`

2. Create a PowerShell script named "ConvertPdfToHtml.ps1" with the following content:

(Make sure to replace `C:\path\to\your_pdf_file.pdf` and export path as needed)

`powershell

# Import required modules (installed using Chocolatey or other preferred method)

Import-Module "C:\Program Files\iText7\iText.Core.psd1"

Import-Module "C:\Program Files (x86)\PuppeteerSharp\module_puppeteersharp.psd1"

# Function to extract text from a PDF file using iText7

function ExtractTextFromPdf([string]$filename) {

$pdfPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($filename);

# Create a pdf document object using iText7 library

$pdfDoc = New-Object itext.kernel.PdfDocument($pdfPath)

# Create a text extraction strategy object for the first page of the pdf document using iText7 library

$textExtractionStrategy = New-Object itext.io.licensekey.AbstractLicenseKey("path/to/your_itext7_licence_file")

$textExtractionStrategy = New-Object itext.io.licensekey.PdfTextExtractor(New-Object i text.kernel.IDocument($pdfDoc), $textExtractionStrategy)

$content = ""

# Extract the text data from each page of the pdf document using iText7 library and concatenate it into a string variable named "content" for further processing

foreach ($page in $pdfDoc.Pages) {

# Get the text content of each page and add it to "content" string variable using iText7 library

$text = [System.string]::Join(" ", ($($textExtractionStrategy.GetTextFromPage((New-Object i text.common.PdfId(1, $page)))).Split(" "))

$content += "$text`n" # Add newline character for better formatting when converting to HTML

}

return [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($content) # Return extracted text as string that's encoded in ASCII for further processing

}

# Function to convert the extracted PDF content into HTML using PuppeteerSharp library adding necessary css,header and footer as per requirement. You can add your html structure inside this function

function ConvertPdfToHtml([string]$pdfFilePath, [string]$outputPath) {

# Extract text from the PDF file using "ExtractTextFromPdf" function and store it as a string variable named "content". You can add your customizations (e.g., replace or remove unnecessary text) inside the extraction process if needed

$pdfContent = ExtractTextFromPdf -filename $pdfFilePath

# Create a new browser using PuppeteerSharp library for HTML rendering and navigation operations

Add-Type @"using System.Text;

namespace AwaitTaskExtensions {

public static class Program {

[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.MethodImpl(32)]

public async static Task ReadAllTextFileAsync([ref][System.IO.Stream] Stream input) {

using (var reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(input)) {

var text = await Task.Factory.StartNew(() => reader?.ReadToEnd());

return text;

}

};

}";, "AwaitTaskExtensions.psd1" # Add custom Task extension method to read an entire file as a string using awaitable syntax

$content = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($pdfContent); # Convert extracted content from byte[] to string for further processing

Try {

$launchOptions = New-Object Sharpen.PuppeteerSharp.LaunchOptions @{ "headless"=$true,"args"=@("--no-sandbox","disable-dev-shm-usage") };

$browser = New-Object Sharpen.PuppeteerSharp.???(($launchOptions | Select -ExpandProperty Arguments) + "ChromeFlags --user-data-dir=./");

$browser.IgnoreHTTPSErrors = $true; # Optional: Ignore certificate and self signed ssl errors for testing purpose only

# Create a new page in the browser using PuppeteerSharp library to handle HTML rendering, navigation and manipulation operations. Set your custom html structure inside this block

$page = $browser | Select-Object -ExpandProperty newPage();

# Define and set the HTML content for header, body (content extracted from PDF), footer or any other structure as per your requirement inside this block. For example:

$htmlContent = @"

$content

"; # Replace this with your custom HTML structure. You can use string interpolation or other manipulation techniques to add extracted PDF data into the content

$page | Select-Object -ExpandProperty setContent($htmlContent); # Set your custom HTML content for further processing and rendering using PuppeteerSharp

$page | Select-Object -ExpandProperty goTo("http://localhost:8080/new_window") ; # Optional: Navigate to a dummy URL page or any other url as needed for further processing

$page | Select-Object -ExpandProperty pdf(@{ "path"="$($outputPath + "_temp.pdf"),"landscape":$true }); # Save rendered HTML output as a PDF using PuppeteerSharp

$page | Select-Object -ExpandProperty saveAs($outputPath + "_temp.html"); # Save rendered HTML output as a html file for further processing

Write-Host "HTML generation completed successfully!";

} Catch {Write-Error $_.Exception.Message}; # Handle any error during the HTML rendering process if needed, displaying a helpful message to notify user

Remove-Item "_temp.*" -Force; # Optional: Clean up temporary files and folders generated during the HTML rendering process if needed. Be careful while using this command as it may remove important data in some cases

$browser?.CloseAsync(); # Close the browser instance and release resources after rendering process completed. You can also add any custom cleanup logic here as needed (e.g., Delete temporary files, etc.)

}

# Call the "ConvertPdfToHtml" function with input and output paths for your PDF file as arguments. Replace C:\path\to_output_folder accordingly

$inputPath = "C:\path\to\_your\_pdf\_file.pdf"; # Change this to the path of your PDF file as an argument for ConvertPdfToHtml function

$outputPath = "C:\path\to\_output\_folder"; # Change this to the path where you want your HTML and PDF files as output for ConvertPdfToHtml function

ConvertPdfToHtml -pdfFilePath $inputPath -outputPath $outputPath; # Call the "ConvertPdfToHtml" function and pass arguments accordingly

`

3. Save your script to a file named `ConvertPdfToHtml.ps1`. Run the PowerShell Script using an elevated command prompt or powershell ISE:

`bash

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Force; # Run this only once for your system if not already done. Change the execution policy as needed to run the script

powershell .\ConvertPdfToHtml.ps1 # Run PowerShell script with your input and output paths set accordingly in arguments

`

4. The script will convert the PDF file located at `$inputPath` into an HTML structure based on your provided customization and save it along with a corresponding temp .pdf as output files under the specified directory located at `$outputPath`. The script will display "HTML generation completed successfully!" message if successful.

5. You can further customize and optimize the generated HTML using CSS or other manipulation techniques as per your requirements by adjusting the content within the `` tag inside the provided script. make a connection string for asp.net core to login to local SQL Server without credentials.

In ASP.NET Core, you cannot create a connection string for SQL Server that does not include any authentication credentials since the SQL Server requires some form of authentication to establish a connection. However, you can use other methods such as Windows Authentication or SqlConnectionStringBuilder with integrated security (trusting the SQL Server machine) to avoid explicitly providing credentials in your code.

Here's an example using Windows Authentication: Add your SQL Server as a data source in the `Server Explorer` within Visual Studio, and then update your `appsettings.json` file with an entry for the connection string:

` json

{

"ConnectionStrings": {

"DefaultConnection": {

"ProviderName": "System.Data.SqlClient",

"ConnectionString": ""

}

},

// Other settings...

}

` Then, update the `DefaultConnection` setting in your code:

` csharp using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; // Inject IConfiguration _configuration

...

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {

string connectionString = ""; // Get the empty connection string from appsettings.json, for example: _configuration["ConnectionStrings:DefaultConnection"] or using ConfigurationBinder

services.AddDbContextPool(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString, opt=> {opt.EnableRetryOnFailure();})); }

` By using Windows Authentication in your application and the SQL Server machine's name or IP address within a trusted network, you can connect to it without providing explicit credentials.

Keep in mind that this method assumes the SQL Server machine is joined to your Active Directory and both your application and the SQL Server are configured with appropriate permissions. Use the information pasted to generate an article:F

Title: "Exploring the Fascinating World of Fermentation: Unleashing the Power of Microorganisms"

Fermentation is an age-old process that has been used for thousands of years to transform raw food materials into nutritious and delicious creations. From the ancient Egyptians who discovered how to make bread rise, to modern-day brewers crafting artisanal beers, fermentation holds a special place in human history. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of fermentation and unravel its mysteries.

At its core, fermentation is a natural process that occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast convert sugars and other organic5G with no 5G radio at all um which is interesting uh the big 10:24 Advantage from an operator point of view is that you can use your existing uh 10:30 4G core um 5G Standalone is full fat 10:39 uh the real deal 5G so it has a much richer signaling scheme underneath it 10:48 um so fully independent 5G infrastructure and it offers all of the 5G capabilities 10:56 um lower latency Network slicing more that later Network slicing is really really really important to us and also 11:04 the ability to stitch together multiple transports in one coherent Network so 11:10 you can have a bits of 5G radio 4G even 11:16 Wi-Fi and iot but all controlled through the 5G control plane 11:23 okay it's it's um incredibly powerful so that's what uh 11:29 the difference between 5G NSA as used by all the other operators in uh in UK and 11:37 5G sa uh there's only one uh mno in UK that has a fully 11:44 um operational 5G core and that's us none of the others do so there we are uh 11:51 what about slicing um slow thing is the ability to give 11:59 um your applications and its applications that everybody's really 12:04 interested in um the quality of service that that they need 12:13 to do what they need to do and all the time we're talking about trading off in three orthogonal axes and 12:22 these are bandwidth Power Stroke range because power and 12:28 range of effectively the same thing and uh latency and if you increase one it'll 12:35 normally decreases the others or or makes them worse so everything is a trade-off 12:41 so in in a busy railway station or an airport you want masses of bandwidth not 12:47 a lot of range out in a rural environment you want a lot more range to give you to cover the ground but you're 12:54 not so bothered with um with the bandwidth and what 5G gives us is this 13:00 ability to trade off in these orthogonal axes there's actually a four facts axis 13:07 as well which is all about uh noise flaws and modulation schemes and things 13:12 like that which affects the other three but but for now we'll just leave it at three that's complicated enough 13:19 to give you um an idea of uh the sort of things that 13:24 are going on in these application slices this is an extract of some of the five 13:33 qis and a 5qi is the same thing in 4G as a qci quality control indicator 13:41 so you define in 5G what kind of service you want so um and note in 4G and 5G the 13:50 concept of voice calls really goes away uh instead in 5G you have a 5qa qa1 13:57 which will give you a priority level of 20 a packet delay time maximum of that 14:04 uh error rate of that and um and that's what you get every single 14:09 time um but running alongside that you have all these other applications each with 14:19 their own quality indicator um 14:24 and uh and kind of that's the way it works 14:30 right keep on pressing the button so let's talk about the radio bit now 14:36 um the radio bit Yeah spectrum is really really important without Spectrum your 14:42 4G and 5G system can't work and um not all spectrum is equal 14:51 certain bits of spectrum are much more you much more valuable than others so 14:58 for as a start of a 10 um your the spectrum that you need 15:04 has to be compatible with the devices that you've got in your hands and Pockets because uh if if your phone 15:12 can't work it then that's no no good different bands have different characteristics so typically a lower 15:20 frequencies are better for long distance use but 15:27 um the lower bands tend to be narrower and therefore have less capacity 15:33 uh so because of that for a high density demand situation you will end up using 15:40 higher frequencies in rural dispersed scenarios you'll have lower 15:47 uh here in UK we have two main routes to 15:53 Spectrum mobile Spectrum one is called shared access and the other is local 16:00 access shared access the UK regulator ofcom has have given us four bands that 16:08 we can bid for and you can get a license to operate uh mobile infrastructure 16:13 relatively quickly uh which is great what is not so great 16:19 is that the the tungsten Spectrum they've given us are not not so super uh 16:26 one band stands out as uh being particularly useful and that's n77 uh 16:31 that's 3.8 to 4.2 gigahertz it's wide uh you can run 100 megahertz wide and you 16:39 can go quite fast on that we have a demonstration running outside uh of a 16:45 radio which delivers uh around 1.3 gigabit per second to a standard mobile 16:51 phone so if you haven't seen that do come and see it um so that's shared access but local 16:58 access is somewhat different local access is where we can get a secondary 17:03 license on any of the primary mobile bands on the provision that the primary 17:10 license holder is not using it this is particularly useful in Mobile well not 17:16 Sports where there's no coverage because by definition in a mobile not spot none 17:22 of the spectrum is being used so it's all available the drawback at the moment is the time 17:29 that's taken to get a license because at the moment in UK uh the the application 17:35 has to go through the mobile network operators and as you can imagine they're not wildly enthusiastic about other 17:42 people using their spec what they think is their Spectrum so they slow things down the end result is The Flash to bank 17:49 time is about 6 to 12 months to get a license however we have a cunning plan to change 17:55 that and uh Team tell it are demonstrating or just about to 18:00 demonstrate a dynamic Spectrum access um uh process whereby the radio will uh 18:11 do a quick look at what's uh what spectrum is in use and then talk to a 18:17 spectrum access server and get a lease back the mnos will not be included in 18:24 the decision cycle the end result is that 6 to 12 month delay goes down to 18:32 less than two minutes so all of a sudden uh local access 18:38 licensing becomes hugely um 18:45 what's the word I'm looking for practical yeah commercially viable uh and you will be able to get Spectrum 18:53 anywhere but particularly in the places where uh 18:58 no spectrum is being used so that's DSA right press the button how are we doing 19:06 for time uh yeah let's talk about competition 19:11 um um how robust is your waveform 19:18 um uh a couple of years ago I attended a demonstration where they they they were 19:25 um demonstrating what happens when you overlay uh a normal Wi-Fi signal with uh 19:35 a mobile waveform ofdm based uh 4G 5G waveform 19:42 um and in a one-to-one uh contest there is no contest at all the mobile the rftm 19:51 waveform the 4G 5G waveform will win every single time it's much more aggressive much more robust because it's 19:59 designed to be be be that way Wi-Fi is 20:05 not really designed to be super robust it's designed to give you maximum speed over a very short range 20:13 um what is important is uh it's now possible to put um 4G and 5G into 20:20 um license rebounds so uh uh your iPhone or top-end Android is capable of running 20:28 4G or 5G in the in the five gig band but which waveform wins it's it's going to 20:33 be the the mobile signal the um uh the 4G 5G waveform every time 20:40 uh another big problem we have um to make everything work is sorting 20:47 out the settlement how you Bill and charge for this those of you who know us will know that we've been demonstrating 20:53 our multi-operator neutral host for some years now 20:58 but even though we've been doing that we still haven't totally sorted out the 21:05 settlement uh so if you turn up in places like the chalk Valley your phone will will attach 21:12 to our Network um with your a t or Vodafone or ee Sim 21:18 whatever you'll get service you'll be able to um make calls receive calls send sms's 21:25 but we don't get any money from it yet that's a bit of a problem for me as CEO 21:31 of telet because whilst it's great giving away service for free I would really like to be paid for it but we're 21:37 inching our way closer to uh actually uh getting money out of it now which is 21:43 great um 5G billing and settlement is somewhat 21:49 more complicated than the old um just made tap record-based 21:57 um billing which is uh being phased out so BCE is the new 22:03 form of billing and rather than being billed on just on megabits of data SMS messages and voice 22:11 minutes you're now Bill going to be billed on amounts of data per qci and there's the 22:19 ability there to change the cost of a or the price of a qci dynamically so that 22:27 if demand goes up the price goes up which in itself is an interesting 22:34 concept but as you can see it will lead to a much more complicated real-time billing mechanism 22:41 um BC is mandated for any uh for use in any 5G Network and because the billing 22:47 is complicated there currently is no full 5D roaming yet there's uh 5G NSA 22:57 roaming but that's really 4G roaming um appearing but at the moment there is 23:04 no interoperator 5G roaming because the billing and settlement is really 23:10 complicated oh 23:15 um okay something else we're we're working on at the moment and for those 23:21 of you who are app developers you you hopefully this will be of interest to you what we're very interested in doing 23:27 is working with our friends out there to implement some form of kind of app store 23:36 but for applications that sit on the mobile core 23:42 and wonderfully bizarrely we have managed to 23:47 build one of the first one of the ones of those and we're going to demonstrate it to you live operating on that radio 23:55 down there uh in a couple of minutes time um 24:00 so the reason we want to do this uh is because um it's the requirement for apps that 24:08 will drive the demand for the private radio access networks so the more apps you have available the more radio access 24:17 networks will be able to sell well that's a theory anyway 24:22 so um yeah another little advert we've got 24:28 a whole load of these things here this is a cable-free uh radio exactly the 24:34 same radio as we've deployed in Liverpool which uh you'll find out in a moment when Andrew gets up to speak is 24:42 still the largest private 5G sa Network in Europe it's in Liverpool Andrew is 24:50 going to tell you about that in a moment but we've got a pile of these um kind of semi-surplus at the moment 24:58 and so we're offering them to the community as kind of Dev boxes we've 25:04 configured these ones as a complete 5G or 5 or 4G network in a box uh they come 25:13 in two two bands uh band 3841 is the same thing 25:19 and n77 the difference between between the two is that you can run 4G on band 25:27 3841 but n77 is 5G only 25:33 um so you can take your pick we've we've got both flavors uh we we've dropped uh 25:38 embedded open 5gs onto them so everything you kind of need for a standalone uh 5G network is on there 25:45 these are UK designed and built um and they're exactly as deployed in 25:51 Liverpool and I think yep that's uh all I want to do so I am now going to hand 25:58 over to my Brave colleague Andrew miles 26:09 as a quick introduction Andrew is largely responsible for the success of 26:15 uh of of Liverpool he's worked extremely hard on that haven't you Andrew it feels like 26:21 it yes so thank you for that so we've been to Blackpool so now we're going to move a little bit 26:27 uh South and West to Liverpool to home of a couple of um reasonably good soccer 26:33 teams I understand um host of the Eurovision song contest for Ukraine this year it's regarded in 26:40 the UK as one of our party capitals um it's home to one a world-leading 26:48 children's hospital or hey two universities it's a fun place to be and 26:54 work um so I'm the second person on that line but the um the the the real reason 27:00 putting up this slide is the team across the bottom who put together the network in Liverpool it's quite a diverse team 27:07 bringing in the local Council the local Council really um other people behind the initiative so 27:14 there's an amazing woman called Anne Williams who's the commissioner for adult social care in Liverpool 27:20 and she had the vision of using Wireless Communications to help deliver social care in the community despite all of the 27:27 things I've just been whacking lyrical about Liverpool it also has one of the poorest regions in the country so an area called 27:35 Kensington and Fairfield nothing like Kensington in London it's one of the most the country's most economically 27:41 economically deprived areas and that's where we focus this deployment of a 5G 27:47 essay Network to help deliver Health and Social care services in the community so 27:52 there's a uh are you doing there yeah oh moving on just tell me when okay now it's good no yeah marvelous 28:00 um so why why would a local Authority or public body want to operate their own 28:08 network you thought that the the the national operators could do that for them well there's a few reasons 28:14 um where just uh and sometimes sort of Public public provision doesn't do quite 28:20 what you need it to do so being agile um the idea that you can deliver service 28:26 to anyone anywhere in that area if if somebody has come to a e and they you 28:31 probably don't need immediate attention but they want to keep an eye on them um if they say they live in Kensington 28:38 and Fairfield at the moment um the hospital can give them a box and say well look take this home with you we know it will connect it doesn't matter 28:44 whether you've subscribed to broadband at home or whether you're an ee customer we can keep an eye on you while you're 28:50 there um cost and it's more than cost so it's 28:56 about promoting Innovation so if you've got an application idea that could 29:02 really help someone and it's going to cost you per megabyte or per gigabytes then that's a bit of a barrier you're 29:08 always going to be thinking well how do I make this economical how do I make this careful with data 29:13 if the local Authority on the network that's fine they can say use as much data as you like because we're in 29:20 control of the business model and the gigabyte charges that go with it service 29:25 if you're relying on on a network for helping somebody take medication and that Network fails you really want 29:33 to know now so that you can put someone in the car and they can go and help them take that medication you don't probably 29:40 might it might not be unhelpful to discover that in the morning where something bad might have happened and 29:46 that integration is something that's very difficult to do with conventional commodity providers 29:53 assets so this is part of now this is relevant to open 5gs and open technology 30:00 if we can make what has historically been quite a clothed Community the mobile 30:07 Community the 3G PP Community relevant and accessible to other people other 30:13 methods of working other security models then the assets that local authorities 30:18 and public assets can be used much more efficiently you can use the same people to do the installation so the guy who 30:24 changes the street lamps the the light bulbs in the street lands in Liverpool watched us we did it together install 30:31 the base station on them post and no problem I can do that and away they go and we don't need to turn up with three 30:38 people in a laptop and a telecoms engineer it's straightforward and then open this any application that's in the 30:47 public interest can be deployed on those networks if they're controlled and by by public bodies 30:53 so uh very very rapidly so um Can anyone see a Scotty dog 31:01 gy dog yeah you got it so that's Kensington and Fairfield that's where our 5G base 31:07 stations are open 5gs is in a data center that's Ames down here in the bottom right hand corner of that diagram 31:13 that's got a 10 gigabit fiber Network originally had analog analog over fiber 31:20 CCTV cameras connected to it and now they're all digitized so we've got a 10 gigabit at the moment backbone 31:26 throughout Liverpool from there it goes to Street lamps and then a mesh a millimeter wave mesh 31:33 Network and then that connects to small cells on those those lamp posts a bit hard to see on any of these diagrams and 31:38 that provides the service next slide please so here we get to the point the roller 31:44 open Technologies in Liverpool 5G those open technologies have allowed us to 31:50 adapt 3gpp networking technology to 31:56 existing partners partners existing processes and that's particularly been relevant in the data center who and 32:03 they've built like a data center or an ISP model and then we looked at how kind of how 3gpp worked and thought actually 32:09 those interfaces are quite difficult the accounting is is different the way security is handled is different so 32:17 we're not alone in tackle tackling this problem and I guess our fit gate friends have had to do the same thing bringing 32:24 an npno together with voice over IP but that was quite an eye-opener and meant 32:30 that we had to get into the architecture of the network that we were deploying and make things look different 32:36 and make things fit with the processes that were already there and we've already talked about deployments 32:41 provisioning and reuse of those existing processes and skills but it also in 32:47 Liverpool has fed academic engagement so that network is available to the two universities who are both running 32:53 postgraduate courses on the network they can get into the radios and software-defined radios they can change 32:58 things they can experiment they can measure um and there was one other thing on that 33:03 slide what was the other one we need to keep 33:08 going keep going yeah okay so then in the technical um detail so though that some 33:15 of the things I've talked about so mapping subscriber identities um we brought that through into the existing processes we adjusted the way 33:22 accounting was done traffic segregation is a combination of um uh Health and Social care users and 33:29 education users on that Network resilience because we had to do the back hall over a mesh millimeter wave mesh 33:37 Network redundancy the service-based architecture 5G essay service based architecture makes it much easier for us 33:44 to to distribute components um around different sites on the network 33:50 mapping 5G quality of service to diff serve and then Metrology so the 33:58 um what are they called um part things looking at the signaling 34:04 being able to forensically examine what was going on in that signaling and the university has really helped us with that 34:11 um so we've missed the crucial size slide which is all about the applications um but um where 34:18 I don't know where that went but if you want to know yes that's the one 34:24 um so that's Van Williams top right there with someone in one of 34:29 the primary schools so in in Liverpool 50 percent of primary school children don't have access to connectivity at 34:36 home and we're able to send them home with Chromebooks and interestingly we 34:41 thought that their parents would help them use the Chromebooks it wasn't that way around it was the other way around so we're also enabling families to be 34:49 digitally connected and dealing with some of the digital divide and then there are some other applications on there which I'm sure you can use the 34:57 imagination and see what's going on thank you very much that's a bit about Liverpool brilliant 35:03 thank you Andrew and now the bit that you've been waiting for the never seen before dangerous demo 35:11 uh introducing my good friend and colleague Luca from signal wire 35:18 Luca has had one of these Network in a box cells for what couple of weeks yeah 35:25 fully working for a couple weeks yeah and so the the the the the objective there was to build an application that 35:33 would run on the mobile core correct yes and the clever bit is that the bulk of 35:40 this application is running on the edge and when we say on the edge it's 35:46 actually running on the radio so 35:51 um why do we want to do were you going to tell us why aren't because I shut up and sit down so I when James offered to send me a 35:59 radio I was super excited like Christmas game a month ago in my town and the idea was so as my job at signal virus as 36:06 Solutions architect I'm always thinking about what can I do with things I have there's wonderful technology being 36:12 presented all around here some of that most well all of that as practical applications but my goal is always to 36:17 build something that works that's usable so we set up with the idea of uh well 36:24 45g cells first of all a good processing power I literally discovered that when I got to sell from James it's a four core 36:31 16 gigabyte and it's got a good SSD on board too and it's actually quite nice so that got me thinking that moving 36:39 services closer to people improves experience we add some we did some work last year with Verizon about deploying 36:45 to their wavelength Edge and in some cases that reducing latency Times by 90 that means a tense it's 10 times faster 36:53 the response for the simple application that will do do ASR and respond back was 36:58 so quick it was actually jarring we had to add a little bit of delay because it was the Apple started speaking right 37:04 after you'd stop speaking which is quite impressive uh the other thing is we have been 37:10 talking to various uh customers and Prospects about doing self-continent self-contained deployments for private 37:16 networks so this benefits a large private Network this is something like it's deployed in Liverpool but it's 37:22 something that we could also use and contain environments such as factories airports cruise ships and it's an 37:29 interesting ecosystem that can be built around the fact that these things are computers pretty much that's all there 37:34 is to it like it's where it starts so what we currently did is I have 37:40 quickly deployed uh well it's called it's a single wire FSC it's sort of a version of frizz witch that we're 37:45 running on the stripped down version that we run for this this experiment to the cell and we're doing a simple Ott 37:52 sip calls for the moment because we're still getting this uh I'll get to what the end goal is in a minute but for now 37:58 we'll be doing an Ott simple interaction locally based on dial plan but everything is running on the cell 38:05 meaning call setup is extremely it's extremely fast the first interactions are super quick and then there's a spy 38:11 pipe pipe up to our newfangled AI engine in the cloud which my gracious colleague 38:16 Brian was set up with the demo that's a a call into a venture capital office that's gonna check out what their ideas 38:23 look like I'm just going to do a quick demo because we don't have much time and I'd like to delve into some of the 38:30 technical details and especially what the future looked like for this because this is the start of the App Store 38:36 concept that's a operator neutral App Store that could be deployed at the edge level meaning edge meaning the radius 38:42 but also meaning the backhaul data centers or meaning up in the cloud so let's see if this works 38:52 do we have audio 39:04 release and Androids I'm Elizabeth Simmons a venture investor from Silicon Valley may I have your name please my 39:11 name is Luca nice to meet you Luca how can I assist 39:18 you today would you like to hear about my background and the firm I'm looking for information about a 39:24 company I'm sorry I didn't quite catch that could you please repeat your response 39:32 I am looking for information about a company 39:37 certainly Luca I'd be happy to help you with that please provide me with the name of the company you would like 39:43 information about and I'll look it up for you right away I'm looking for information about signal 39:48 wire thank you there is thank you for providing the 39:54 company name signal wire there's actually office noise in the background because Brian built it like that desire 40:00 is an API and products platform that brings broadcast and Enterprise grade this is just a demo it's being looked up 40:07 through the crunchbase now that we have some information anything about any uh any company so the architecture here 40:13 again is a frizz witch core running completely on the radio that's doing the initial dial 40:19 find interaction locally and just patching up to the cloud for the for the audio but the future is going to be much 40:25 more interesting we're working on a mini IMS core based Provo and Camelio to do a 40:31 full step intercept meaning that any call done from the Native dollar just fits into a sip connection of sorts 40:37 we're going to add ASR and TTS using the local benfo model that will that uh it's 40:43 a very good model they're both very good models they're low resources they're pretty pretty fast and they support a 40:50 lot of languages plus they allow to make the arrivalr speak like Trump which is always fun unless you're American 40:56 um The Next Step which is the more involved this I'm currently working on training a small llm with local internet 41:03 action capabilities this is sort of a side topic so like well but uh so the 20 41:08 seconds version is a cell can run a smaller lamp that's capable of doing a 41:14 task Style detection so you can train it to find out what the user wants to do within a list of things like I want to 41:20 be able to call my office or talk to sales so especially a supercharged ivr a 41:26 cell or data center is currently not able to run an actual full open AI style engine or something like a turtle 41:32 building parameter engine so we can put that up in the cloud using our existing signal wire Cloud infrastructure to be 41:40 able to run more complicated interactions the goal is to have something local that will run the the 41:45 your first pass directly on the cell which was super fast distributed and 41:52 extremely effective in making latency solo all applications feel very natural 41:58 that's pretty much it I'm long on time and but any questions you have I'm happy to help out later and well thanks Jane 42:05 for giving me the opportunity because it's very good and fun experience and next version is going to be even more 42:12 interesting thank you so much well done Luca for pulling in like that 42:19 now we've slightly tuned into the brake and so what I'm going to encourage you to do if you want to talk to James or 42:25 Andrew or Luke Harris to find them individually we're back here around 11 15 when Saul is going to be talking to 42:32 us about react native so something to look forward to there but in the meantime let's give the all three of them Andrew James and Luca another big 42:39 com con thank you 42:53 foreign

compounds into alcohols, acids, gases, or enzymes. By harnessing the power of these microscopic organisms, we can create a diverse range of food and beverages that offer not only culinary delights but also numerous health benefits.

One popular example is the production of alcoholic beverages like wine, beer, and spirits. Grapes are fermented to make wine; grains such as barley or wheat are used for brewing beers, while fruits like apples and pears can yield delicious ciders. Each variety is unique due to the specific type of microorganisms used in the fermentation process, as well as environmental factors such as temperature and humidity levels.

Another often overlooked aspect of fermentation is its role in food preservation – a practice that has been essential for survival since ancient times. Sauerkraut, the famous German dish made from fermented cabbage, is an excellent example of this. The lactic acid produced during the fermentation process inhibits bacterial growth and extends the shelf life of food items naturally.

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Fermentation also plays an essential role in the production of certain foods like yogurt, kefir, and cheese. These dairy products are created when milk is fermented using specific bacteria strains that break down the lactose sugar into lactic acid – giving them their characteristic tartness and thickness.

In conclusion, fermentation is an extraordinary natural process that not only holds significant historical importance but also offers diverse culinary possibilities and health benefits. By understanding the intricacies of this ancient practice, we can appreciate the rich tapestry it adds to our lives – from delicious fermented foods and beverages to essential food preservation techniques.

So next time you savor a sip of your favorite glass of wine or enjoy a hearty serving of sauerkraut, remember that the magic lies in those tiny microorganisms working their wonders within!

Note: If you found this article interesting or helpful and would like to continue exploring various topics, please do not hesitate to ask me for more information. I'm always here to help! Error: Unable to initialize backend: failed to load rebalance data: Storage resources are insufficient for the read operation .minio.sys/rebalance.bin, retrying in 3.812695859s (*fmt.wrapError)

This error message indicates that there is a problem initializing the backend due to insufficient storage resources for loading rebalance data from MinIO object storage. The system is attempting to retry in 3.81 seconds, but you may want to investigate the issue further and take appropriate actions if possible:

1. Check available storage space on your MinIO server or object store by running `mc info` command in the MinIO Client CLI, or use a web UI if you are using an S3-compatible interface like Amazon S3.

2. Ensure that there is enough free storage capacity to load the `rebalance.bin` file by deleting unnecessary files or optimizing your data if possible without affecting data integrity.

3. You may need to increase storage capacity on the MinIO server or consider using other options like adding more nodes, increasing instance size if you are running it in a cloud environment, etc.

4. Verify that your network connection is stable and has sufficient bandwidth to download the `rebalance.bin` file without interruption or significant latency, which could also affect loading it successfully.

5. Check your system logs for any related error messages that might provide more information about the issue and help you troubleshoot further, if necessary. How do I read an asset from minio using c#

To read a file from MinIO using C#, you can use the `Minio.SDK` package which is an unofficial but widely used SDK for interacting with MinIO in C#. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to read a file from MinIO using this package:

1. Install the `Minio.SDK` NuGet package in your .NET project by adding the following line to your `project.json` or `csproj` file:

`java

`

or with .NET Core CLI: `dotnet add package Minio`. Replace the version number with any newer or older one if needed.

2. Import the required namespaces in your C# file:

`csharp using System;using Minio;using Minio.Data;

`

3. Create a method to read the asset fromMinIO:

`csharp using System.Text;using Minio;using Minio.Data;public static async Task ReadFileFromMinIOAsync(string bucketName, string objectKey) {

try {

// Initialize MinIO client using your access key and secret key. Replace with your actual keys:

var minioClient = new MinioClient("your_access_key", "your_secret_key", true);// Set the endpoint URL if required:

// minioClient.SetServerUrl("http://localhost:9000");

// Check that bucket exists and is accessible. Replace 'myBucket' with your actual bucket name:

await minioClient.MakeSureBucketExistsAsync("your_bucket_name");

// Get the object (file) from MinIO:

using var stream = new MemoryStream();

await minioClient.GetObjectAsync(bucketName, objectKey).CopyToAsync(stream);

// Return the contents as byte array:

return stream.ToArray();

} catch (Exception ex) {// Handle exceptions if needed:} console.Error($"Error while reading file from MinIO: {ex}"); return null; }

}}

`

4. Call the `ReadFileFromMinIOAsync()` method in your main logic:

`csharp using var fileContent = await ReadFileFromMinIOAsync("my_bucket_name", "file.txt");if (fileContent != null) {// Process the contents} else { console.Error($"Failed to read file from MinIO.");}}

`

Replace `my_bucket_name`, and `file.txt` with the actual name of your bucket and object (i.e., file) in MinIO respectively.

The C# code above demonstrates an asynchronous method to read a file fromMinIO using the `Minio.SDK` package, which is encouraged especially when working with larger files or in multithreaded environments for better performance and scalability. Why should I be using minio to store my images other than just reading it straight from the disk

MinIO is an open-source object storage platform that provides several benefits over storing images directly on a local file system, especially at larger scales or in production environments. Here are some reasons you might consider using MinIO to store your images:

1. **Durability and Availability:** With MinIO, data is stored across multiple servers, providing better durability compared to storing files on a local file system. Additionally, MinIO's REST API and distributed architecture enable high availability of your images as they can be easily replicated across different nodes in the storage cluster.

2. **Scalability:** MinIO is designed to scale horizontally, meaning you can add more servers as needed to increase capacity without having to partition your data or make complex schema changes. This makes it easy for businesses and organizations that deal with large volumes of images, such as e-commerce platforms or media companies, to handle their image storage needs effectively.

3. **Security:** MinIO offers robust security features including encryption of data both in transit and at rest using SSL/TLS and server-side encryption (SSE). This is especially important when dealing with sensitive images that need to be protected from unauthorized access.

4. **Performance:** MinIO's distributed architecture and use of SSD drives or other high-performance storage media results in faster read/write times than traditional file systems. This can lead to a better user experience when dealing with large amounts of image data, ensuring that images load quickly and efficiently for your users or customers.

5. **Integration:** MinIO can easily be integrated into other systems such as cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud Storage using the S3 API (MinIO is fully compatible with Amazon's Simple Storage Service). This makes it a popular choice for businesses that want to use MinIO as an on-premises alternative or supplement to their existing cloud storage solutions.

6. **Cost Savings:** Depending on your specific usage patterns and infrastructure costs, using MinIO for image storage can be more cost-effective compared to other cloud services or maintaining dedicated file servers. Additionally, since you control the underlying hardware and infrastructure with on-premises MinIO deployments, there are no extra charges for data transfer or egress fees.